6.1 Proyectos de investigación científica
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PublicationA novel inexpensive electrochemical sensor for pyrazinoic acid as a potential tool for the identification of pyrazinamide-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2018-01-01)Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The patient compliance with the long treatment regimens is essential for successful eradication. Pyrazinamide (PZA) shortens these regimens from 9 to 6 months, and therefore, improves treatment completion rates. Although PZA is a first-line medication for the treatment of TB, no simple or reliable assay to determine PZA resistance is yet available. In the presence of PZA, only susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains release pyrazinoic acid (POA). Therefore, the measurement and quantification of released POA is an indicator of PZA resistance.
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PublicationTowards sustainability: Photochemical and electrochemical processes applied for environmental protection(Hindawi Limited, 2018-01-01)In the last century, public policy around the globe was mainly focused on economic growth leaving out of this perspective, social concerns and the environment detriment that this merely economic approach was causing. It was until the last quarter of the 20th century that people started to be aware of the growing poverty and of the jeopardy of the planet as a result of human being activities. In consequence, the concept of sustainable development emerged in the United Nations as a call to all countries to integrate economic growth with social needs and environmental protection, in such a way that our activities as earth inhabitants stopped compromising the quality of life and needs satisfaction of future generations.More recently, in 2016, effective 17 sustainable development goals established within the United Nations came officially. The embracement of these goals implies the design and execution of strategies that pursue poverty elimination by also addressing social needs and environmental protection. In this sense, the development of cleaner technologies and more effective sanitation systems is imperative and this has motivated the assessment of new technologies, many of them based on photochemical and electrochemical phenomena. Thus, this special issue aims to present original results regarding relevant aspects of such processes. For this purpose, ten manuscripts have been included.Within the framework of photochemical processes, different issues were addressed ranging from novel photocatalysis approaches, photocatalyst synthesis improvements, emerging contaminant degradation, and photoreactor modeling and simulation.
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PublicationUse of the high density bovine microarray for the generation of an alpaca Vicugna pacos single nucleotide polymorphism physical map(Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2020-01-01)The aim of this study was to develop a preliminary physical map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in alpaca using an alpaca/hamster radiation hybrid panel and a bovine high- density SNP genotyping microarray (BovineHD BeadChip-Illumina). The methodology included genotyping 92 alpaca/hamster hybrid cell clones, and four control samples (male alpaca, female alpaca, hamster and 1:10 DNAmixture) with the microarray. After genotyping the alpaca and hamster DNA control samples, only bovine SNPs with a call frequency of 1 were retained. The SNPs identified in the alpaca DNA samples were then filtered to remove those also found in the hamster. From the remaining alpaca SNPs, to decrease the probability of false positives, only those with a call frequency from 0.2 to 0.8 in the 92 hybrid clone samples were retained for the final analysis. The remaining alpaca specific SNPs were tabulated in MapMaker format and were analysed with the Carthagene software to identify linkage groups. The linkage groups were mapped to the reference genome Vicugna_pacos-2.0.2, using the BLAST software and the SHORTBLAST command on the Galaxy platform. The two alpaca control samples had 294 165 SNPs with positive signals in the bovine microarray. After eliminating the most common hamster SNPs and the most-likely false positives, 2924 SNPs remained. These were assigned to 33 linkage groups encompassing 216 SNPs. The estimated distance between these SNPs ranged from 65.3 and 671.9 cR, with a logarithm of the odds (LOD) >6.0. Finally, a total of 31 SNPs was found in the reference genome (E-value <0.05). © 2020 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. All rights reserved.
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PublicationPurification of Pseudomonas sp. proteases through aqueous biphasic systems as an alternative source to obtain bioactive protein hydrolysates(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2020-01-01)Aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) are an interesting alternative for separating industrial enzymes due to easy scale-up and low operational cost. The proteases of Pseudomonas sp. M211 were purified through ABS platforms formed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and citrate buffer salt. Two experimental designs 23 + 4 were performed to evaluate the following parameters: molar mass of PEG (MPEG), concentration of PEG (CPEG), concentration of citrate buffer (CCit), and pH. The partition coefficient (K), activity yield (Y), and purification factor (PF) were the responses analyzed. The best purification performance was obtained with the system composed of MPEG = 10,000 g/mol, CPEG = 22 wt%, CCit = 12 wt%, pH = 8.0; the responses obtained were K = 4.9, Y = 84.5%, PF = 15.1, and tie-line length = 52.74%. The purified proteases of Pseudomonas sp. (PPP) were used to obtain hydrolysates of Lupinus mutabilis (Peruvian lupin cultivar) seed protein in comparison with the commercial protease Alcalase® 2.4L. A strong correlation between hydrolysis degree and radical scavenging activity was observed, and the highest antioxidant activity was obtained with Alcalase® (1.40 and 3.47 ?mol Trolox equivalent/mg protein, for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, respectively) compared with PPP (0.55 and 1.03 ?mol Trolox/mg protein). Nevertheless, the IC50 values were lower than those often observed for antioxidant hydrolysates from plant proteins. PEG/citrate buffer system is valuable to purify Pseudomonas proteases from the fermented broth, and the purified protease could be promising to produce antioxidant protein hydrolysates. © 2020 American Institute of Chemical Engineers
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PublicationMonitoring cell substrate interactions in exopolysaccharide-based films reinforced with chitin whiskers and starch nanoparticles used as cell substrates(Taylor & Francis Group, 2018-01-01)Se utilizaron exopolisacáridos (EPS) extraídos de cianobacterias de Nostoc commune para preparar sustratos celulares de baja adhesión para el crecimiento de células selectivas tumorales. Los sustratos fueron reforzados con bigotes de quitina y nanopartículas de almidón y caracterizados mediante espectroscopia infrarroja Fouriertransform, difracción de rayos X y pruebas de tracción. Se sembraron dos células independientes de anclaje, HeLa modificada por GFP y células THP-1 en las muestras para evaluar su interacción con los compuestos. Los resultados confirmaron la interacción de la superficie celular de los compuestos a base de EPS. Las propiedades mecánicas de estas películas se pueden adaptar controlando el tipo y la concentración del refuerzo, que se puede utilizar en el diseño de diferentes tipos de biomateriales.