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Evaluation of the selective antibacterial activity of Eucalyptus globulus and Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus essential oils individually and in combination on Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Evaluation of the selective antibacterial activity of Eucalyptus globulus and Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus essential oils individually and in combination on Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus
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Date
2018
Authors
Ambrosio C.M.S.
de Alencar S.M.
Moreno A.M.
Da Gloria E.M.
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Publisher
Canadian Science Publishing
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Abstract
Essential oils (EOs), as substitutes for antibiotics in animal diets, should have selective antibacterial activity between pathogenic and beneficial bacteria from the animal gut. Thus, this study evaluated the selective antibacterial activity of Eucalyptus globulus (EG) and Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (PP) EOs on Enterococcus faecalis as a surrogate model of pathogenic bacterium and on Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a beneficial bacterium model. The EOs antibacterial activity was evaluated by determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBCs), and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices. The time-kill and sequential exposure assays were also performed, but using only the EG oil, which was the best selective EO, since it had a MIC lower on E. faecalis (7.4 mg/mL) than on L. rhamnosus (14.8 mg/mL). FIC index values showed that the combination of the two EOs had an indifferent effect (1.25 and 2.03) on E. faecalis and an additive effect (1.00) on L. rhamnosus. The time-kill assay showed that EG oil was able to kill E. faecalis within 15 min of treatment (∼5 log reduction) and caused a reduction ∼3 log of L. rhamnosus viability. The sequential exposure assay showed that EG oil (at MIC/2) produced higher reduction on E. faecalis viability (∼3 log) than on L. rhamnosus (∼2 log) as well. Therefore, L. rhamnosus presented higher tolerance to the antibacterial activity of EG oil than E. faecalis did.
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The authors are grateful to the “Ministerio de Educación del Perú” from the Peruvian government for Carmen M.S Ambrosio M.Sc. scholarship, granted by the program “Programa Nacional de Becas y Crédito Educativo” (PRONABEC). Also, the author thanks CIENCIACTIVA for the recent Carmen M.S. Ambrosio Ph.D. scholarship, from the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Inovación Tecnológica” (CONCYTEC-Peru; Contract 278-2015-FONDECYT).
Keywords
myrcene,
3 carene,
alpha phellandrene,
alpha thujene,
beta pinene,
chavibetol,
cineole,
essential oil,
eugenol,
limonene,
methyleugenol